java.lang.Object
- com.metsci.glimpse.util.vector.Vector3d

All Implemented Interfaces:

Serializable
```
public final class Vector3d
extends Object
implements Serializable
```
Basic class representing an immutable vector containing 3 doubles. All inputs and outputs are in system units.

Author:

moskowitz

See Also:

Serialized Form

Constructor Summary

Constructors
Constructor Description

Vector3d()
Default constructor.

Vector3d(double x, double y, double z)
Standard constructor.

Method Summary

All Methods Static Methods Instance Methods Concrete Methods Deprecated Methods
Modifier and Type	Method	Description
`double`	`angleWith(Vector3d v)`	Returns the conical (unsigned) angle between this vector and vector v.
`double`	`cosAngleWith(Vector3d v)`	Returns cosine of the angle between this vector and vector v.
`static Vector3d`	`createCylindrical(double radius, double theta, double z)`	Create Vector3d from cylindrical coordinates.
`Vector3d`	`crossProduct(Vector3d v)`
`double`	`distance(Vector3d v)`
`double`	`distanceOnXYPlane(Vector2d v)`
`double`	`distanceOnXYPlane(Vector3d v)`
`double`	`distanceOnXYPlaneSquared(Vector2d v)`
`double`	`distanceOnXYPlaneSquared(Vector3d v)`
`double`	`distanceSquared(Vector3d v)`
`double`	`dotProduct(Vector3d v)`
`double`	`elevationAngle()`	Returns the conical angle between this vector and the xy-plane.
`boolean`	`equals(Object o)`
`String`	`format(String coordFormat)`	Get formatted String representation.
`static Vector3d`	`fromArray(double[] coords)`
`double`	`getX()`
`Vector2d`	`getXY()`
`double`	`getY()`
`double`	`getZ()`
`int`	`hashCode()`
`double`	`horizontalAzimuthAngle()`	Returns the azimuth angle of the projection of this vector on the xy-plane.
`double`	`horizontalAzimuthAngleFast()`	Returns the azimuth angle of the projection of this vector on the xy-plane.
`static Vector3d`	`interpolate(double t, Vector3d v0, Vector3d v1)`	Linear interpolation between vectors v0 and v1.
`boolean`	`isValid()`	False if any of the coordinates is NaN or Infinite.
`boolean`	`isZero()`
`static Vector3d`	`linearCombination(double[] a, Vector3d[] w)`
`static Vector3d`	`linearCombination(double a1, Vector3d v1, double a2, Vector3d v2)`
`static Vector3d`	`linearCombination(double a1, Vector3d v1, double a2, Vector3d v2, double a3, Vector3d v3)`
`Vector3d`	`minus(Vector3d v)`
`double`	`norm()`
`Vector3d`	`normalized()`	Returns normalized (rescaled to norm = 1) version of this vector.
`Vector3d`	`normalizedLenient()`	Returns normalized (rescaled to norm = 1) version of this vector.
`double`	`normSquared()`
`Vector3d[]`	`orthonormalVectors()`	Returns unit vectors w0 and w1 which are orthogonal to this vector and each other.
`double`	`phiAngle()`	Returns the conical angle between this vector and the positive z axis.
`Vector3d`	`plus(Vector3d v)`
`Vector3d`	`projectionOnto(Vector3d v, boolean isLenient)`	Returns the projection of this vector onto the vector v.
`Vector3d`	`projectOnto(Vector3d v)`	Returns the projection of this vector onto the vector v.
`Vector3d`	`reflectionThroughPlaneAt(Vector3d x0, Vector3d normal)`	Returns reflection of this vector through a plane specified by a point on the plane and a vector normal to the plane.
`Vector3d`	`rotated(double theta, Vector3d axis)`
`Vector3d`	`rotatedAboutXAxisBy(double theta)`
`Vector3d`	`rotatedAboutYAxisBy(double theta)`
`Vector3d`	`rotatedAboutZAxisBy(double theta)`
`Vector3d`	`scalarProduct(double alpha)`	Deprecated. use `scaledBy(double)`
`Vector3d`	`scaledBy(double scaleFactor)`
`double[]`	`toArray()`
`String`	`toString()`
`Vector3d`	`withZ(double z)`

Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object
getClass, notify, notifyAll, wait, wait, wait

Constructor Detail
- Vector3d
```
public Vector3d(double x,
                double y,
                double z)
```
  Standard constructor.
  
  Parameters:
  
  x -
  
  y -
  
  z -
- Vector3d
```
public Vector3d()
```
  Default constructor. Creates zero vector.

Method Detail

createCylindrical
```
public static Vector3d createCylindrical(double radius,
                                         double theta,
                                         double z)
```
Create Vector3d from cylindrical coordinates.
Note: Negative radius is allowed. This reverses the vector direction in x and y.

Parameters:

radius - distance from z-axis (XY plane projection radius)

theta - horizontal azimuth angle (XY plane projection theta)

z - z-coordinate

Returns:

Vector3d

getX
```
public double getX()
```

getY
```
public double getY()
```

getZ
```
public double getZ()
```

getXY
```
public Vector2d getXY()
```

equals
```
public boolean equals(Object o)
```
Overrides:

equals in class Object

hashCode
```
public int hashCode()
```
Overrides:

hashCode in class Object

format
```
public String format(String coordFormat)
```
Get formatted String representation.

Parameters:

coordFormat - format applied to each coordinate (as in String.format)

Returns:

formatted string with comma separated coordinates

toArray
```
public double[] toArray()
```

fromArray

public static Vector3d fromArray(double[] coords)

toString
```
public String toString()
```
Overrides:

toString in class Object

plus
```
public Vector3d plus(Vector3d v)
```

minus
```
public Vector3d minus(Vector3d v)
```

scalarProduct

@Deprecated
public Vector3d scalarProduct(double alpha)

Deprecated.

use scaledBy(double)

scaledBy

public Vector3d scaledBy(double scaleFactor)

dotProduct

public double dotProduct(Vector3d v)

crossProduct

public Vector3d crossProduct(Vector3d v)

normSquared
```
public double normSquared()
```

distanceSquared

public double distanceSquared(Vector3d v)

distance

public double distance(Vector3d v)

norm
```
public double norm()
```

isZero
```
public boolean isZero()
```

distanceOnXYPlaneSquared

public double distanceOnXYPlaneSquared(Vector2d v)

distanceOnXYPlane

public double distanceOnXYPlane(Vector2d v)

distanceOnXYPlaneSquared

public double distanceOnXYPlaneSquared(Vector3d v)

distanceOnXYPlane

public double distanceOnXYPlane(Vector3d v)

isValid
```
public boolean isValid()
```
False if any of the coordinates is NaN or Infinite.

withZ
```
public Vector3d withZ(double z)
```

normalized
```
public Vector3d normalized()
```
Returns normalized (rescaled to norm = 1) version of this vector.
Note: "Strict" version: if zero vector, returned vector will contain all NaN values and a warning will be logged.

Returns:

normalized version of this vector

normalizedLenient
```
public Vector3d normalizedLenient()
```
Returns normalized (rescaled to norm = 1) version of this vector.
Note: "Lenient" version: If zero vector, returned vector will be (1, 0, 0).

Returns:

normalized version of this vector

horizontalAzimuthAngle
```
public double horizontalAzimuthAngle()
```
Returns the azimuth angle of the projection of this vector on the xy-plane.

horizontalAzimuthAngleFast
```
public double horizontalAzimuthAngleFast()
```
Returns the azimuth angle of the projection of this vector on the xy-plane.
Note: This version uses a faster, less accurate, calculation.

phiAngle
```
public double phiAngle()
```
Returns the conical angle between this vector and the positive z axis. Zero on the +z axis. Positive elsewhere with max value of PI radians or 180 degrees (in system units).

elevationAngle
```
public double elevationAngle()
```
Returns the conical angle between this vector and the xy-plane. Zero on the xy-plane. Positive above the plane to a max of PI/2 or 90 degrees (in system units), negative below the plane to a min of -PI/2 or -90 degrees (in system units).

rotated
```
public Vector3d rotated(double theta,
                        Vector3d axis)
```
Parameters:

theta - rotation angle around the specified axis.

axis - the axis about which to rotate.

Returns:

rotated copy

rotatedAboutXAxisBy
```
public Vector3d rotatedAboutXAxisBy(double theta)
```
Parameters:

theta - rotation angle around the x-axis.

Returns:

rotated copy

rotatedAboutYAxisBy
```
public Vector3d rotatedAboutYAxisBy(double theta)
```
Parameters:

theta - rotation angle around the y-axis.

Returns:

rotated copy

rotatedAboutZAxisBy
```
public Vector3d rotatedAboutZAxisBy(double theta)
```
Parameters:

theta - rotation angle around the z-axis.

Returns:

rotated copy

cosAngleWith
```
public double cosAngleWith(Vector3d v)
```
Returns cosine of the angle between this vector and vector v.

angleWith
```
public double angleWith(Vector3d v)
```
Returns the conical (unsigned) angle between this vector and vector v.

projectOnto
```
public Vector3d projectOnto(Vector3d v)
```
Returns the projection of this vector onto the vector v.

See Also:

for lenient handling of v

projectionOnto
```
public Vector3d projectionOnto(Vector3d v,
                               boolean isLenient)
```
Returns the projection of this vector onto the vector v. Lenient version treats zero vector for v as (1,0,0) in order to avoid returning vector containing NaN values.

reflectionThroughPlaneAt
```
public Vector3d reflectionThroughPlaneAt(Vector3d x0,
                                         Vector3d normal)
```
Returns reflection of this vector through a plane specified by a point on the plane and a vector normal to the plane.

Parameters:

x0 - point on the plane

normal - normal to the plane

Returns:

reflected position

orthonormalVectors
```
public Vector3d[] orthonormalVectors()
```
Returns unit vectors w0 and w1 which are orthogonal to this vector and each other.

linearCombination

public static Vector3d linearCombination(double a1,
                                         Vector3d v1,
                                         double a2,
                                         Vector3d v2)

linearCombination

public static Vector3d linearCombination(double a1,
                                         Vector3d v1,
                                         double a2,
                                         Vector3d v2,
                                         double a3,
                                         Vector3d v3)

linearCombination

public static Vector3d linearCombination(double[] a,
                                         Vector3d[] w)

interpolate

public static Vector3d interpolate(double t,
                                   Vector3d v0,
                                   Vector3d v1)

Linear interpolation between vectors v0 and v1. t = 0 returns v0 and t = 1 returns v1.

Constructor	Description
`Vector3d()`	Default constructor.
`Vector3d(double x, double y, double z)`	Standard constructor.

Class Vector3d

Constructor Summary

Method Summary

Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object

Constructor Detail

Vector3d

Vector3d

Method Detail

createCylindrical

getX

getY

getZ

getXY

equals

hashCode

format

toArray

fromArray

toString

plus

minus

scalarProduct

scaledBy

dotProduct

crossProduct

normSquared

distanceSquared

distance

norm

isZero

distanceOnXYPlaneSquared

distanceOnXYPlane

distanceOnXYPlaneSquared

distanceOnXYPlane

isValid

withZ

normalized

normalizedLenient

horizontalAzimuthAngle

horizontalAzimuthAngleFast

phiAngle

elevationAngle

rotated

rotatedAboutXAxisBy

rotatedAboutYAxisBy

rotatedAboutZAxisBy

cosAngleWith

angleWith

projectOnto

projectionOnto

reflectionThroughPlaneAt

orthonormalVectors

linearCombination

linearCombination

linearCombination

interpolate